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Cell Biol Int. 2005 Jun 23; [Epub ahead of print] Related Articles, Links
Interleukin-15 stimulates adiponectin secretion by 3T3-L1 adipocytes: Evidence for a skeletal muscle-to-fat signaling pathway.
Quinn LS, Strait-Bodey L, Anderson BG, Argiles JM, Havel PJ.
Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle tissue, and that has anabolic effects on skeletal muscle protein dynamics both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, administration of IL-15 to rats and mice inhibits white adipose tissue deposition. To determine if the action of IL-15 on adipose tissue is direct, the capacity of cultured murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes to respond to IL-15 was examined. IL-15 administration inhibited lipid accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and stimulated secretion of the adipocyte-specific hormone adiponectin by differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The latter observation constitutes the first report of a cytokine or growth factor that stimulates adiponectin production. IL-15 mRNA expression by cultured 3T3-L1 adipogenic cells and C2C12 murine skeletal myogenic cells was also examined. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated IL-15 mRNA was expressed by C2C12 skeletal myogenic cells, and was upregulated more than 10-fold in differentiated skeletal myotubes compared to undifferentiated myoblasts. In contrast, 3T3-L1 cells expressed little or no IL-15 mRNA at either the undifferentiated preadipocyte or differentiated adipocyte stages. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that IL-15 functions in a muscle-to-fat endocrine axis that modulates fat:lean body composition and insulin sensitivity
