- Befolkningsøkning: Dagens befolkningsantall kan komme fra en eneste familie for ca 4000 år siden hvis man regner gjennomsnittlig fødte per familie hvert år. Hvis mennesket fantes for f.eks. en million år siden, er det utrolige 25.000 generasjoner siden. Hvor mange folk ville det ha vært her hvis befolkningsraten (inkludert perioder med sult, krig og katastrofer) er på 2,5 barn? Det ville være 10 – med 2.100 nuller bak!! Til og med hvis vi tenker at menneskene bare har klart å produsere den menneskemassen som er på jorden i dag, hvor mange folk ville det da totalt ha levd opp igjennom? Omtrent 3000 milliarder mennesker. Det er da ikke så mange ben i jorda? Jorda er ung.
Dette er jo renspikka tull. For det første er det først i moderne tid vi lever så lenge at det er snakk om stor overlapping på generasjoner. De første fram til for noen få hundre år siden var snittalderen ikke mer enn 30 år eller så. For det andre tar du ikke høyde for katastrofer som har hakka ned sivilisasjonen
la mer nevne et par
First Pandemic: Plague of Justinian
Main article: Plague of Justinian
The Plague of Justinian in A.D. 541–542 is the first known pandemic on record, and marks the first firmly recorded pattern of bubonic plague. This outbreak is thought to have originated in Ethiopia or Egypt. The huge city of Constantinople imported massive amounts of grain, mostly from Egypt, to feed its citizens. The grain ships may have been the source of contagion for the city, with massive public granaries nurturing the rat and flea population. At its peak the plague was killing 10,000 people in Constantinople every day and ultimately destroyed perhaps 40 percent of the city's inhabitants. It went on to destroy up to a quarter of the human population of the eastern Mediterranean.
In A.D. 588 a second major wave of plague spread through the Mediterranean into what is now France. A maximum of 25 million dead is considered a reasonable estimate. An outbreak of it in the A.D. 560s was described in A.D. 790 as causing "swellings in the glands...in the manner of a nut or date" in the groin "and in other rather delicate places followed by an unbearable fever". While the swellings in this description have been identified by some as buboes, there is some contention as to whether the pandemic should be attributed to the bubonic plague, Yersinia pestis, known in modern times.[6]
From 1347 to 1351, the Black Death, a massive and deadly pandemic, swept through Eurasia, killing approximately one third to one half of the population (according to some estimates) and changing the course of Asian and European history. Plague doctors did what they could, which was not much else but say if a person had the plague or not. It is estimated that anywhere from a quarter to two-thirds of Europe's population became victims to the plague, making the Black Death the largest death toll from any known non-viral epidemic. While accurate statistical data does not exist, it is estimated that 1/4 of England's population, totaling 4.2 million, died while a higher percentage of individuals likely died in Italy. Northeastern Germany, Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, on the other hand, are believed to have suffered less while there are no estimates for Russia or the Balkans at all.
The Black Death continued to strike parts of Europe throughout the 14th century, the 15th century and the 16th century with constantly falling intensity and fatality, strongly suggesting rising resistance due to genetic selection.[6] Some have argued that changes in hygiene habits and strong efforts within public health and sanitation had a significant impact on the rate of infection.
The Third Pandemic began in China in 1855, spreading plague to all inhabited continents and ultimately killing more than 12 million people in India and China alone. Casualty patterns indicate that waves of this pandemic may have come from two different sources. The first was primarily bubonic and was carried around the world through ocean-going trade, transporting infected persons, rats, and cargos harboring fleas. The second, more virulent strain was primarily pneumonic in character, with a strong person-to-person contagion. This strain was largely confined to Manchuria and Mongolia. Researchers during the "Third Pandemic" identified plague vectors and the plague bacterium (see above), leading in time to modern treatment methods.
The Great Famine of 1315–1322 was the first of a series of large-scale crises that struck Europe early in the 14th century, causing millions of deaths over an extended number of years and marking a clear end to an earlier period of growth and prosperity during the 11th through 13th centuries. Starting with bad weather in the spring of 1315, universal crop failures lasted through 1316 until the summer of 1317; Europe did not fully recover until 1322. It was a period marked by extreme levels of criminal activity, disease and mass death, infanticide, and cannibalism. It had consequences for Church, State, European society and future calamities to follow in the 14th century.
Folketall
400-1000
As the ancient world came to an end there was a steep decline in population, reaching its lowest point around 542 with the bubonic plague (the Plague of Justinian, the last great plague in Europe until the Black Death of the 14th century).
Estimates of total population of Europe are speculative, but at the time of Charlemagne it is thought to be between 25 and 30 million, and of this 15 million are in Carolingian France. Unlike our modern image of a lone self-sufficient farmer who moves when he sees smoke from the neighbor's chimney, medieval settlements were thickly populated, with large zones of unpopulated wilderness in between. To be alone in the Middle Ages, and not part of a community, carried great risks. Crowded communities existed as islands in a sea of uncultivated wilderness.
The Hundred Years' War was a conflict between France and England, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453.
1250-1350
By 1300 Europe had become, some say, overpopulated. England, which had around 1 million people in 1086, was estimated to have a population that ranges from 5 to 7 million. France in 1328 (which was geographically smaller than France is today) was believed to have between 18 to 20 million people, which it would not surpass again until the early modern period. The region of Tuscany had 2 million people in 1300, which it would not reach again until 1850.
Overall, the population of Europe is believed to have reached a peak of 70 to 100 millionBy the 14th century the frontiers had ceased to expand and internal colonization was coming to an end, but population levels remained high. Then in the 14th century a number of calamities struck that devastated millions. Starting with the Great Famine in 1315, then the Hundred Years' War and the Black Death of 1348-1350, the population of Europe plummeted.
[edit] 1350-1500
The period between 1348 and 1420 witnessed the heaviest loss. In Germany, about 40% of the named inhabitants disappeared. The population of Provence was reduced by 50% and in some regions in Tuscany 70% were lost during this period.
Bare svaredøden halverte nesten befolkningen der den rammet.
La oss også nevne et par moderne kriger mens vi er i gang
The number of World War I casualties, both military and civilian, was about 40 million — more than 19 million deaths and 21 million wounded. This includes 9.7 million military deaths and about 9.0 million civilian deaths. The Entente Powers (also known as the Allies) lost more than 5 million soldiers and the Central Powers about 4 million. Casualty numbers are a topic of debate due to the fact that military casualty statistics include combat related deaths as well as losses caused by accidents, disease and prisoner of war deaths.
The total estimated human loss of life caused by World War II, irrespective of political alignment, was roughly 72 million people. The civilian toll was around 47 million, including about 20 million due to war related famine and disease. The military toll was about 25 million, including about 5 million prisoners of war. The Allies lost around 61 million people, and the Axis lost 11 million. As some Axis countries switched sides and reentered the war on the side of the Allies, those nations are included in the Allied count, regardless of when the deaths occurred. There was a disproportionate loss of life and property; some nations had a higher casualty rate than others, due to a number of factors including military tactics, crimes against humanity, economic preparedness and the level of technology.
[edit] Debated numbers
World War II casualty statistics vary to a great extent. Estimates of World War II casualties range from 50 million to over 70 million. [36] The data listed here is from primary sources, whenever available. Estimates of World War II casualties have been revised by recent historical scholarship. Research in Russia since the fall of communism has shed new light on Soviet war casualties. Losses for the USSR, within post war borders, are now estimated at 26.6 million.[37] Historians in post communist Poland now estimate losses of ethnic Poles and Jews at 4.9 million. [43]The German Army historian Dr. Rűdiger Overmans published a study in 2000 that estimated German military dead and missing at 5.3 million. [6]. The war dead totals listed here for the British Commonwealth are based on the research by the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead. [29]. The casualties listed here include about 12 million war related famine deaths in China, Indonesia, Indochina and India that are often omitted from other compilations of World War II casualties. [9] --[5]
Hver av disse store katastrofene her har gjort store utslag på folketall, som det har tatt lang tid å reise seg fra. Og så kommer alle små og store sykdomsutbrudd, pester, kriger. sultkatastrofer osv jeg ikke har nevnt
befolkningsøke er inne en jevn liniær utvikling, den har gått fram og tilbake, stagner osv. Grunnen til at vi er blitt så mange i dag er flere: bedre jordbruk, bedre hygiene, bedre medisin osv, bedre kosthold, mindre slitasje i form av tungt arbeid osv. Det har gitt oss bedre helse, vi blir eldre, flere lever opp osv.
avstemning
Emne: Evolusjon vs skapelse (Lest 198140 ganger)
