Ingen forskning, her er et eksempel, kan påvise at økt måltidsfrekvens øker forbrenningen.
"The daily distribution of food intake can influence the regulation of energy balance and, in consequence, the control of body weight. Two aspects of this question must be considered: the daily number of eating occasions and their temporal distribution. Since the 1960s, epidemiological studies have reported an inverse relationship between frequency of eating and body weight, suggesting that a "nibbling" pattern could help to prevent obesity. This notion has later been put into question by the recognition of a high level of dietary underreporting in overweight individuals. In addition, no difference in total daily energy expenditure has been documented as a function of daily meal number. Weight loss is not facilitated by high meal frequency. Snacking in obese subjects is associated with higher energy and fat intake. By contrast, in normal-weight people, snacking does not necessarily lead to increased energy intake, while snacks often contain more carbohydrates and less fat than regular meals. Obese people tend to eat little in the morning and much in the afternoon and the evening. In extreme cases, a "night-eating syndrome" is observed. Understanding the relationship between the circadian distribution of intake and obesity (or resistance to weight loss) seems critical for theoretical as well as clinical reasons."(1)
Det er riktig at kortisols virkninger i hovedsak er rettet mot å hindre fall i glukosekonsentrasjonen, men det finnes forskjellige "pathwayer" Kortisol kan ta. Som man kan lese her, så reguleres kortisol på forskjellige måter.
They extend these data by demonstrating that rates of splanchnic cortisol production are not altered by nutrient ingestion or the associated changes in the hormonal milieu.(2)They also indicate that the previously reported (16) postprandial increase in plasma cortisol concentration is due to an increase in extrasplanchnic rather than splanchnic cortisol production, implying differential regulation of these two processes.Som nevnt sist her, så kan Kortisolnivåene øke noe etter enkelte måltider, sannsynligvis avhengig av når på dagen de inntas.
After 10 h without food 3 men and 3 women were given at 0200, 0600, 1000, 1400, 1800 or 2200 h a meal with protein 17, fat 36 and carbohydrate 101 g to supply 695 kcal. Blood was sampled 15 min before, at the start of and at intervals to 360 min after the meal. Plasma cortisol values varied widely. The only time that there was a significant increase in plasma cortisol after a meal was when the meal was taken at 1400 h. With meals at 0200 and 0600 h, values at 4 h after the meals were less than those expected.(3)
Metabolismen gjennom natten er mer eller mindre lik basalmetabolismen, og trengs virkelig ikke å tas særlig hensyn til. Så at stoffskiftet går på "lavgir" om natten blir et litt feil bilde, da det ikke går på noe særlig mindre lavgir enn det gjør når du ligger i sofaen. Og med tanke på at Glykogenlagrene, som hos de fleste av oss, spesielt de som trener, er mer eller mindre fulle gjennom dagen, vil gi ca 2500kcal opplagringsenergi, så er det mer enn nok for de fleste til å holde seg unna muskelnebrytning gjennom natten. Dessuten ville man oppleve aceton-ånde om morgenen, dersom det var stor proteinnedbrytning. Og med tanke på at måltider ikke påvirker kortisolnivåene i positiv retning, så gir ikke det heller noe grunnlag for at man skal presse i seg frokost.
Når det er sagt så blir de fleste av oss sultne en stund etter oppvåkning, og ved inntak av mat da så er det for de fleste lettere å balansere kostholdet ut over dagen.
1. Impact of the daily meal pattern on energy balance; Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition, Volume 48, Number 3, October 2004 , pp. 114-118
2.
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/55/3/667.full#ref-163.
http://www.cababstractsplus.org/abstracts/Abstract.aspx?AcNo=19821443467
