Frishberg, B.A. (1983). An analysis of overground and treadmill sprinting. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise; 15(6): 478-485.
"Data suggest that the moving treadmill belt reduces the energy requirements of the runner by bringing the supporting leg back under the body during the support phase of running. "
Elliot, B.C., Blanksby, B.A. (1976). A cinematographic analysis of overground and treadmill running by males and females. Medicine and Science in Sports, 8(2): 84-87.
"No significant differences were recorded in stride length, stride rate, support time or non-support time for males or females when jogging at velocities of between 3.33 and 4.78 m/s (x = 3.70) or 3.45 and 4.80 m/s (x=3.97) respectively. However, it was demonstrated that at velocities of 4.82 - 6.2 m/s for males (x - 5.41) and 4.85 - 5.76 m/s for females (x = 5.29) significant differences did occur between overground and treadmill running. For both males and females stride length decreased, stride rate increased, and the period of non-support was also significantly less when running on a treadmill as compared to running overground. "
Dillman, R.C., Lagasse, C.J., and Bickett, P. (1972). Biomechanics of overground versus treadmill running, Medicine and Science in Sports, 4(4): 233-240
"Using trained track and field athletes, stride lengths were absolutely identical on treadmill and firm ground; but when velocity rose to 6.4m/sec (62.5 seconds per 400m), treadmill stride length was about 5% longer than overground strides.
'support time' (the length in milliseconds of the stance phase of the gait cycle) increased significantly on the treadmill for all speeds during uphill and downhill running - and at the very highest speed during level running. "
When running on a treadmill, the belt pulls your leg through, resulting in a relatively passive extension of the hip. Passive [hip] extension would then minimize the contribution of the primary hip extensors. Running over ground, on the other hand, requires that you pull your leg through, therefore involving active hip extension.
Is treadmill training useful for the serious athlete?
When an athlete runs on the track, on roads or on firm ground, their legs create propulsive forces which accelerate their centre of mass and drive it forward. The athlete's centre of mass is decelerated during each recovery (early-stance) phase of the gait cycle, only to be accelerated forwards again as propulsive forces are created by the stance leg. As they continue to run, centre of mass is accelerated and decelerated over and over again as it moves steadily forwards.
For more high quality information on Sports Fitness Programmes, subscribe to Peak Performance here and receive a bundle of free reports.
When the same athlete runs on a treadmill, centre of mass is static (at least in the forwards-backwards plane). There is no forward progress; instead, the running surface 'disappears' behind the athlete. In fact, the treadmill belt moves the athlete's legs and feet under and behind her centre of mass and, to preserve stability, their key task is to move the support leg back in front of the centre of mass in time for the impact with the treadmill belt. The key function of the leg muscles during treadmill running is not to produce propulsive forces but to re-position the legs so as to keep the centre of mass stable.
Because of these major and fundamental differences, some experts have argued that treadmill training is unspecific to 'real running' and should be avoided by athletes who want to improve their running abilities on the ground. The neuromuscular patterns involved in treadmill running are so different from road, track or cross-country running, they argue, that improvements in economy and efficiency are not possible. Some go so far as to contend that treadmill training may actually impair running economy on regular surfaces.
I rest my case, shut the fuck up
Dessverre er det mange høyt utannede folk som ikke skjønner dette. Har opplevd mange høgskolefolk folk fra lektor til professor som ikke skjønner dette. Her har du noen slike typer. Disse tingene må du spørre fysikere om.