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Research by scientists from the University of Connecticut examined the hormonal responses and adaptation to resistance exercise and training. They noted that high-volume, moderate-to-high-intensity weight training, using short rest intervals and stressing a large muscle mass, multiple joint exercises (legs, Chest, Back, shoulders) tended to produce the greatest acute hormonal elevations (notably testosterone and GH). In comparison low-volume, high-intensity resistance training methods using long rest intervals did not induce a similarly high hormonal response. Sports Med 2005; 35(4):339-61
Since an higher volume lead to more testosterone but longer training time lead to less there must be a time factor somewhere that will enable us to conciliate the two. Of course it's the time of rest between your sets. To cut a long story short, many studies researched that variable, the most significant being by Kraemer et al. This research consisted of two groups, one performing an hypertrophy workout made of sets of 10 RM with a minute of rest between each sets. The other one was a strength training consisting of multiple sets of 5 RM with 3 minutes between each sets. Both groups shown significant increase in serum testosterone, the earlier showing a slightly higher increase. That indicated that hypertrophy workout do increase testosterone level more than strength training. Also shorter rest periods seem to have the same effect. If 1 minute seem to lead to bigger increase in testosterone level than 3 minutes, then going below 1 minute in hope to increase the testosterone level even more, would greatly impair your short-term recovery.
